Australian Journal of
Taxonomy
Open-access, online, rapid taxonomy

This is a page from an unpublished manuscript
Please do not distribute it without express permission of the lead author
 

Xylosma craynii W.E.Cooper sp. nov.
{zoologyFigureCitations}

Type: Australia, Queensland. Cook District: Mt Lewis, c. 500 m beyond the hut, 1st May 2021, W. Cooper 2752 + R. Jensen (holo: CNS 152583, iso: BRI, CANB, MO, L, K, SING).

Flacourtiaceae sp. (=GS/517), Christophel & Hyland (1993: 7, 32, 115, pl. 53(c); Hyland & Whiffin (1993a: system1, 108, 119, 165); Hyland & Whiffin (1993b: system 2, 165)

Xylosma sp. 1 (Mt. Lewis), Briggs & Leigh (1988: 44, 181)

Xylosma sp. 1 (Mt. Lewis; G.Sankowsky 502), Briggs & Leigh (1996: 70)

Xylosma sp. (Mt Lewis), Cooper & Cooper (2004: 221)

Xylosma sp. (Mt Lewis G.S.1108), Hyland et al. in Cooper & Cooper (1994: 305)

Xylosma sp. (Mt Lewis G.Sankowsky+ 1108), Jessup (1994: 140); Jessup (1997: 90); Jessup (2002: 87); Jessup (2007: 85); Jessup (2010: 80); Jessup (2013); Jessup & Halford (2016: 74)

Xylosma sp. Mt Lewis (G.Sankowsky+ 1108), CHAH (2006); CHAH (2021)

Xylosma sp. ‘Mt Lewis’ (G.Sankowsky 502), Thomas & McDonald (1987); Thomas & McDonald (1989); Zich et al. (2020)

{botanyFigureCitations}

Figure 1. Xylosma craynii, bark, (Cooper 2752 & Jensen CNS). Photo: W. Cooper

Figure 2. Xylosma craynii, female inflorescence showing articulated pedicels, tepals, orange lobed disk, ovaries, branched styles and lobed stigmas, (Cooper 2752 & Jensen CNS). Photo: R. Jensen

Figure 3. Xylosma craynii, infructescence showing articulated pedicels, persistent tepals and ripe fruit (Cooper 2606 Jensen & Hawkes CNS). Photo: R. Jensen

Small tree to 20 m, often multi-stemmed, evergreen, dbh to 30 cm, dioecious; buttresses and thorns absent; bark grey, somewhat rough with numerous vertical fissures and lenticels; twigs with pale lenticels; stipules persistent, triangular, c. 0.5 mm long and wide, glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, distichous; petioles 6–9 mm long, channeled, glabrous; blades discolourous, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 72–140 mm long × 33–58 mm wide, glabrous; base cuneate; apex acuminate; margin toothed, with each tooth gland-tipped; basal pair of glands c. 0.25 mm diameter, the remaining glands smaller; venation camptodromous proximally and brochidodromous distally, the primary vein flush in dried specimens, the lateral veins in 6–8 pairs diverging from primary vein at 50–60º, the tertiary venation reticulate. Male inflorescence an axillary raceme or a cluster of racemes, each raceme to 16-flowered; bracts mostly persistent at peduncle base, broadly ovate to almost orbicular, 1–1.7 mm long × 0.8–1.3 mm wide, puberulent; peduncle c. 1.5 mm long, minutely puberulent, green or red; articulation swollen; bracteoles at pedicel articulation caducous, ovate or oblong, 1.5–1.75 mm long × c.1.25 mm wide, ciliate; pedicel 3–5.5 mm long, minutely puberulent; sepals 5 or 6, imbricate-quincuncial, broadly ovate, c. 3 mm long × 2 mm wide, sparsely puberulent abaxially and puberulent adaxially, green, often with reddish bases; disk 15–18-lobed, orange; stamens c. 40, filaments c. 4 mm long; anthers basifixed, subglobose, c. 0.6 mm long × 0.9 mm wide, glabrous; rudimentary ovary sometimes present, urn-shaped, c. 0.5 mm long. Female inflorescence an axillary raceme or a cluster of racemes, each raceme to 10-flowered; bracts mostly persistent and clustered at peduncle base, imbricate, broadly ovate to almost orbicular, 1–1.5 mm long × 0.8–1.3 mm wide, green or red, puberulent abaxially and glabrous adaxially; apex acute, rounded or truncate; margin ciliate; peduncles 1–2.5 mm long, articulate, puberulent; bracteoles at pedicel articulation caducous, ovate or oblong, 1.5–1.75 mm long × c. 1.25 mm wide, ciliate, puberulent both abaxially and adaxially; pedicel articulated, puberulent, 3–5 mm long, green or red; sepals imbricate-quincuncial, suborbicular or broadly ovate, concave and remaining cupped at anthesis, c. 2.5 mm long × 2 mm wide, abaxially mostly glabrous and puberulent towards apex, adaxially pubescent, green with red bases, apex obtuse or acute, margin ciliate; petals absent; disk fleshy, 12–14-lobed, bright orange, forming a ring protruding beyond the ovary diameter; ovary superior, sessile, ovoid, 1-locular, c. 2.25 mm long × 2 mm wide, green; style c. 0.5 mm long, 3–5-branched; stigmas 3–5, lobed; placentas 4; ovules c. 40. Fruit peduncle 3–6 mm long. Fruit a globose berry, c. 9 mm long × 9.5 mm wide, bright red to blackish, with sepals persistent at base and stigmas persistent at apex; seeds c. 40; testa brown.

Specimens examined. SFR 143 Parish of Kanawarra, Carbine Logging Area, Gray 4895, July 1988 (CNS); Mt Lewis, just beyond hut, Oct 2606, Cooper 2606, Jensen & Hawkes (CNS); Mt Lewis, Sep 1985, Sankowsky 426 (CNS); Mt Lewis, June 1986, Sankowsky 484 (CNS); Mt Lewis, March 1987, Sankowsky 606 (CNS); Mt Lewis, Carbine LA, Sep 1986, Sankowsky 517 (CNS); Mt Lewis, March 1987, Sankowsky 607 (CNS); Mt Lewis, Carbine LA, Sep 1986, Sankowsky 517 (CNS); 30.1 km from the Rex Highway, Mt Lewis Road, Nov 1988, Jessup 887 & Guymer (CNS); Small creek with causeway ca. 25.5km along Mt. Lewis Road from Julatten to Mossman Road, May 2017, Jensen 3853, Hawkes, McKenna & Cooper (BRI); Mt Lewis, ca. 150 m along old road from parking area at summit, July 2008, Zich 625 (CNS).

Figure 1. Xylosma craynii, bark, (Cooper 2752 & Jensen CNS). Photo: W. Cooper

Figure 2. Xylosma craynii, female inflorescence showing articulated pedicels, tepals, orange lobed disk, ovaries, branched styles and lobed stigmas, (Cooper 2752 & Jensen CNS). Photo: R. Jensen

Figure 3. Xylosma craynii, infructescence showing articulated pedicels, persistent tepals and ripe fruit (Cooper 2606 Jensen & Hawkes CNS). Photo: R. Jensen

Illustrations. Christophel & Hyland (1993:115) as Flacourtiaceae sp. GS/517; Cooper & Cooper (2004:221) as Xylosma sp. (Mt Lewis); Zich et al. (2020), as Xylosma sp. Mt Lewis (G.Sankowsky 1108).

Diagnostic features. Similar to Xylosma congesta (Loureiro) Merrill but differs from that species by the absence of spines on young branches (v. present); stipules triangular (v. subulate); petiole 6–9 mm long (v. 2–5 mm); leaves with 6–8 pairs of lateral veins (v. 3–5); ovary placentas 4 (v. 2); ovules c. 40 (v. 2 or 3); styles usually 3–5-branched (v. 2-branched); seeds about 40 (v. 2 or 3).

Phenology. Flowers have been recorded in March and May, and fruit in September and November.

Distribution & habitat. Xylosma craynii has a restricted distribution within complex notophyll vine forest on the Carbine Tableland (Mt Lewis & Mt Spurgeon) at altitudes from 1000 to 1200 m. It co-occurs with Cardwellia sublimis F.Muell., Carnarvonia araliifolia var. montana B.Hyland, Casearia costulata Jessup, Placospermum coriaceum C.T.White & W.D.Francis and Pullea stutzeri (F.Muell.) Gibbs.

Etymology. The specific epithet craynii honours Professor Darren Michael Crayn (1969–) in appreciation of his endless generosity to all under his tutelage at the Australian Tropical Herbarium (ATH). Darren has become a champion of mountain top plants in the Wet Tropics bioregion so it seems appropriate that this high-altitude species will carry his name.

Notes. Xylosma congesta (Loureiro) Merrill, which occurs in India, China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea, is more similar to X. craynii than any other Australian species and has therefore been used for comparison in the diagnosis of the new species. X. craynii is unusual in the number of ovules and seeds (c. 40) compared with other Xylosma species, which have up to 12.

Conservation status. There are no immediate threats evident for the species. Using GeoCat (Bachman et al 2011) based on known locations, Extent of Occurrence is estimated at 27 km^2, and Area of Occupancy is estimated at 32 km^2. A suggested conservation status for Xylosma craynii is Endangered [ENB1ab(i, iii)+B2ab(i, iii)] (IUCN 2012).

Notes on typification. There are two herbarium sheets and one spirit sample of W. Cooper 2752 + R. Jensen held at CNS, all clearly labelled as being parts of a single specimen. They thus constitute holotype material rather than being duplicates (see ICN Art. 8.3; Turland et al. 2018).