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Missulena durokoppin sp. nov.
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7475013-2EC8-47EF-A992-F5AB4C69C00B

Type material

Holotype . AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.5°S, 117.73°E, 13–23 March 1992, G. Friend et al., wet pitfall traps, DKR E3 (WAM T44137)

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Figure 3. Missulena durokoppin sp. nov. ♂ holotype (WAM T44137) from Durokoppin Nature Reserve, WA; a, carapace, dorsal view; b, same, ventral view; c, abdomen, dorsal view; d, same, ventral view; e, eyes; f, mouthparts, ventral view; g, rastellum; h, cheliceral teeth, line drawing; i, carapace, lateral view; j, leg IV retrolateral view; k, left patella I, dorsal view; l, same patella II; m, same patella III; n, same patella IV. Scale bars a–d, f, i = 1 mm; e, j–n = 0.5 mm.

Figure 4. Missulena durokoppin sp. nov. ♂ holotype (WAM T44137) from Durokoppin Nature Reserve, WA; a, left pedipalp, prolateral view; b, same, ventral view; c, same, retrolateral view d, embolar tip, prolateral view. Scale bars a–c = 1 mm, d = 0.1 mm.

Figure 5. Distributional records for M. durokoppin sp. nov. and M. gelasinos sp. nov.

Diagnosis

Males of M. durokoppin sp. nov. are similar to seven other species, which share a brown carapace and chelicerae: Missulena faulderi Harms & Framenau, 2013, M. harewoodi Framenau & Harms, 2017, M. leniae Miglio, Harms, Framenau & Harvey, 2014, M. melissae Miglio, Harms, Framenau & Harvey, 2014, M. pinguipes Miglio, Harms, Framenau & Harvey, 2014, M. rutraspina Faulder, 1995, and M. terra sp. nov. Of these, they differ from M. terra sp. nov., M. harewoodi, M. melissae & M. pinguipes, and by having a slender pedipalp tibia as opposed to it being distinctly swollen in these other species (Fig. 4a–c vs Fig. 14a–c; fig. 2f, 5f Miglio et al. 2014; fig. 2b, c Framenau & Harms 2017). Males of M. durokoppin sp. nov. differ from males of other species by the number of spinules in patella III, with 70–100 covering the dorsal, prolateral and retrolateral surface in M. durokoppin sp. nov., 40 in M. harewoodi, 59 in M. melissae, 42 in M. rutraspina, 41 in M. terra sp. nov. and 31 or fewer in M. faulderi, M. leniae, and M. pinguipes (Fig. 3m vs Fig. 13m; fig. 4e Harms & Framenau 2013; figs 3b, 6b, 8b, Miglio et al. 2014; Faulder 1995; Framenau & Harms 2017). They are further differentiated from M. leniae and M. rutraspina by faving a smooth carapace, which is coarsely granulated in males of these other species (Fig. 3a, e, i vs fig. 4 Faulder 1995; fig. 7a–c Miglio et al. 2014). They are further separated from males of M. faulderi by the curvature of the embolus, which is straighter and less curved in M. durkoppin sp. nov. (Fig. 4a–d vs figs 7f–h Harms & Framenau 2013). Males of M. durokoppin sp. nov. further differ from males of M. pinguipes, by the number of spines in the rastellum, with five strong spines in M. durokoppin sp. nov., as opposed nine in M. pinguipes (Fig. 3g vs fig. 5e Miglio et al. 2014).

Description

Male (based on holotype; WAM T44137). Total length 8.32.

Colour in ethanol: Pars cephalica and chelicerae dark brown, pars thoracica lighter brown (Fig. 2a, 3a). Mottled dark brown pigmentation around AME, PLE, and ALE (Fig. 3e). Sternum pale orange-brown, with eight sigilla of darker orange-brown; maxillae dark orange-brown, darker mottled patches basally; labium dark orange-brown with two distinct darker patches on the basal lateral edges (Fig. 3f). Abdomen dorsally and ventrally pale grey; ventrally with pale yellow book lungs. Spinnerets pale cream, with white interconnecting segments (Fig. 3c, d). Legs bright orange-brown, more or less uniform in colour.

Carapace: 3.37 long and 3.89 wide; pars cephalica height 1.53; pars cephalica covers 0.62 of carapace length. Pars cephalica smooth with few granulations; with two distinct, rounded indentations posterior to AME (Fig. 3e). Pars thoracica with slight granulation, deep trench running longitudinally from fovea to posterior edge; two lateral indentations posteriorly, and a moderately shallow central posterior notch; lateral edges strongly recurved and undulating (Fig. 3a). Pars cephalica strongly elevated, highest point anteriorly (Fig. 3i). Chelicerae: 2.32 long; elongate, and broadly cylindrical; dorsally with fine granulations, and with strong, distinct, and regular dorsal-prolateral transverse ridges, beginning at the midpoint and extending to the apex (Fig. 3a). Sternum: ovoid, with sparse setae. Four pairs of sigilla, all lightly depressed, anterior pair small, and oval; second pair consisting of either a cluster of three small depressions and a larger one (left), or two small adjacent depressions (right); third pair around the same size as the cluster of the second pair and oval; fourth pair largest, ca. twice the size of the third pair, oval (Fig. 3b). Labiosternal junction fused (Fig. 3b). Eyes: OQ four times wider than long; anterior eyes slightly procurved; posterior eyes strongly recurved (Fig. 3e). Cheliceral furrow with row of nine strong pyramidal teeth prolaterally the apical teeth connected in a ridge; retrolateral edge of furrow with two small teeth basally, and with a cluster of five small teeth in the inter-furrow region (Fig. 3h). Maxillae: anteriorly with ca. 80–100 weakly developed cuspules (Fig. 3f). Labium: conical; anteriorly with ca. 25 weakly developed cuspules (Fig. 3f), with labio-sternal sigillae basally (Fig. 3b). Rastellum well pronounced, with five strong, conical spines (Fig. 3g). Around 15 setae forming a fringe over the base the fang of each chelicera and the rastellum.

Abdomen: 3.42 long and 3.47 wide; rounded oval; four spinnerets (Fig. 3c, d).

Legs: sparse, scattered brown-black setae on all surfaces. Leg spination: leg I: tibia rv11, v4, pl7 (spinules), d2; metatarsus rv6, v6, pl6, d2; tarsus rv5, v2, pl5, d2; leg II: tibia rv6, v6, pl5 (spinules), d0; metatarsus rv5, v10, pl5, d0; tarsus rv9, v5, pl8, d0; leg III: tibia rv4, v2, pl6, d7 (spinules); metatarsus rv3, v0, pl6, d10; tarsus rv5, v0, pl7, d5; leg IV: tibia r2, v9, pl6, d0; metatarsus rv3, v0, pl13, d3; tarsus rv11, v3, pl16, d4; patella I 16 spinules prolaterally (Fig. 3k); patella II with ca. 10 spines prolaterally (Fig. 3l); patella III with dense covering of c. 90–100 spinules on the dorsal, prolateral and retrolateral surfaces (Fig. 3m); patella IV eight small spinules retrolaterally, four prolaterally (Fig. 3n). Scopulose setae on tarsus I and II. Tarsi and metatarsi III, IV with scopulae along ventral surfaces (leg IV imaged, Fig. 3j). Leg measure­ments: Leg I: femur 2.61, patella 1.18, tibia 2.21, meta­tarsus 1.71, tarsus 1.28, total 8.99. Leg II: femur 2.73, patella 1.28, tibia 1.61, metatarsus 1.43, tarsus 1.10, total 8.15. Leg III: femur 3.05, patella 1.29, tibia 1.64, meta­tarsus 1.93, tarsus 1.80, total 9.71. Leg IV: femur 3.56, patella 1.23, tibia 2.32, metatarsus 2.05, tarsus 1.69, total 10.85. Formula: 4>3>1>2.

Pedipalp: length of femur 2.28, patella 1.17, tibia 2.14, tarsus 0.76; all segments with scattered setae, sparse dorsally and those of the tibia thickest and longest ventrally (Fig. 4a–c). Tibia not inflated, broader basally, 0.83 wide on the widest point from dorsal and prolateral view, 2.6 times the length than the width (Fig. 4a). Bulb roughly pyriform (Fig. 4a–c). Embolus elongate, curved and slightly sinuous apically, with an apical lamella (Fig. 4d).

Variation (n = 10). All material examined had pars cephalica and chelicerae dark brown, pars thoracica lighter brown. Colour of the dorsal surface of the abdomen varied from pale-grey to slate-grey. Total length: 6.31–8.50, mean 7.32. Number of maxillary cuspules: 45–65, mean 51.8; number of labial cuspules: 21–29, mean 23.8; number of spines on the rastellum: left and right 4–6, left mean 4.5, right mean 4.63. All material examined had a distinct medial groove in the pars thoracica. Number of spinules on the left patella (n = 7): Leg I 11–19, mean 14.86; Leg II 7–11, mean 9; Leg III ca. 70–100; Leg IV 12–22, mean 15.86.

Other material examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.5°S, 117.73°E,13–23 May 1992, G. Friend et al., DKRG2 (WAM T157067); ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.5°S, 117.73°E, 13–23, May 1992, G. Friend et al. DKRB4 (WAM T44140); ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.5°S, 117.73°E, 13–23 May 1992, G. Friend et al., wet pitfall traps DKRB4 (WAM T44134); ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.5°S, 117.73°E, 13–23 May 1992, G. Friend et al., wet pitfall traps DKRE4 (WAM T44138); 2 ♂, Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.5°S, 117.73°E, 13–23 May 1992, G. Friend et al., wet pitfall traps, DKRG2 (WAM T44139); 2 ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.5°S, 117.73°E, 13–23 May 1992, G. Friend et al., wet pitfall traps, DKRE1 (WAM T44135); ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, DKRG4, 31.5°S, 117.73°E, 13–23 May 1992, G. Friend et al., wet pitfall traps (WAM T44141); ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.5°S, 117.73°E, 13–23 May 1992, G. Friend et al., wet pitfall traps, DKRE2 (WAM T44136); ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.4°S, 117.76°E, 26 February–7 March 1989, G. Friend et al. wet pitfall traps, DKRB3 (WAM T56010); ♂ Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31.4°S, 117.76°E, 26 February–7 March 1989, G. Friend et al., wet pitfall traps, DKRA4 (WAM T56009).

Figure 3. Missulena durokoppin sp. nov. ♂ holotype (WAM T44137) from Durokoppin Nature Reserve, WA; a, carapace, dorsal view; b, same, ventral view; c, abdomen, dorsal view; d, same, ventral view; e, eyes; f, mouthparts, ventral view; g, rastellum; h, cheliceral teeth, line drawing; i, carapace, lateral view; j, leg IV retrolateral view; k, left patella I, dorsal view; l, same patella II; m, same patella III; n, same patella IV. Scale bars a–d, f, i = 1 mm; e, j–n = 0.5 mm.

Figure 4. Missulena durokoppin sp. nov. ♂ holotype (WAM T44137) from Durokoppin Nature Reserve, WA; a, left pedipalp, prolateral view; b, same, ventral view; c, same, retrolateral view d, embolar tip, prolateral view. Scale bars a–c = 1 mm, d = 0.1 mm.

Figure 5. Distributional records for M. durokoppin sp. nov. and M. gelasinos sp. nov.

Etymology

The specific epithet is chosen to reflect the collecting locality for this species, Durokoppin Nature Reserve. The word Durokoppin comes from the Njakinjaki group of the Noongar peoples, traditional owners of the land in which this species is known and means “the tea tree sits around here and takes possession of this site” (www.boodjar.org.au/boodjar-placenames/durokoppin).

Distribution

Only known from Durokoppin Nature Reserve, south-western WA (Fig. 5).