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Holotype. Australia • ♂; NSW, Sydney, Meadowbank, Memorial Park, 33°49'11.1"S, 151°05'14.0"E, 14 m a.s.l, 15.Vll.2023, Douch, J. leg., riparian parkland with low-density coverage of Eucalytpeae spp., underside of rock, facing soil and underside of adjacent fallen bark, facing soil, (AM KS.131507).
Paratypes. Australia • 1 ♂, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131508) • 1 ♂, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131509) • 1 ♂, NSW, Sydney, Clifton Gardens Reserve, 33°50'12.0"S, 151°15'14.0"E, 78 m a.s.l, 22.Vll.2023, Douch, J. leg., coastal shrubland, underside of log, facing soil (AM KS.131526) • 1 ♂, NSW, Sydney, Macquarie Park, Macquarie University, Mars Creek, 33°46'29.4"S, 151°06'31.5"E, 64 m a.s.l, 21.Vlll.2023, Douch, J. leg., riparian bushland dominated by ironbark (Eucalyptus spp.) and Syncarpia glomulifera, underside of log, facing soil, (AM KS.131528) • 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 5 juveniles, NSW, Carlingford, Galaringi, 33°46'58.6"S, 151°03'13.0"E, 100 m a.s.l, 23.Vll.2023, Douch, J. leg., Cumberland Plain bushland dominated by Eucalypteae spp., underside of log, facing soil, (MHN-UPN-MD-182) • 8 ♂, 3 ♀, NSW, Rydalmere, Vineyard Creek, 33°48'47.7"S, 151°01'36.9"E, 9 m a.s.l, 12.Vlll.2023, Douch, J. leg., Cumberland Plain riparian bushland dominated by Eucalypteae spp., underside of log, facing soil, (MHN-UPN-MD-183) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same collection data as for preceding, (ICN-MD-2912).
Diagnosis: Agathodesmus urbanus sp. nov. differs from congeneric males distributed in NSW by having H + 20 rings (vs. H + 19 rings) and the following gonopodal conformation: telopodite (Fig. 3) with pp straight; at in transverse plane, short, rounded, and slightly bent posteriorly; dp directed laterobasally at base; mab directed laterobasally and curved mediobasally, narrows abruptly at its distalmost portion, before the spoon-shaped apex; meb curves in front of mab (vs. meb does not curve in front of mab in all congeners); divided into three lobes; lateral meb lobe directed laterobasally towards base and then curved mediobasally; tapering towards midlobe but distally slightly enlarged with a small projection directed lateroapically; medial meb lobules subequal in size, directed mediobasally towards the base, slender and tapering towards the apical region.
Description: Adult male and female with head + 20 rings (Fig. 1). Male/female ca. 9.0/11.0 mm long; ring 12 maximum diameter ca. 0.9/1.0 mm, maximum width ca. 1.0/1.1 mm.
Colouration in alcohol of metazonites, prozonites, and collum deep orange yellow 69 to dark orange yellow 72 (some freshly preserved individuals concentrate pigmentation on the lateral ends of the keels in deep reddish brown 41); head, legs, and antennae pale greenish yellow 104.
Head wider than long; about as wide as collum (Fig. 2A–B), facing downwards (Fig. 2A), front microvillose and microgranulate, mostly with needle-like setae (Fig. 2B).
Antennae (Fig. 2B) short, stout, clavate, densely setose, setae being long, antennae held close to head. Antennomere 6 widest and longest; antennomeres 2–5 about equal in length, decreasing slightly in diameter from antennomere 5 to 2. Antennomere 8 with four sensory cones apically.
Collum margins convex, slightly on anterior and broadly on posterior; corners rounded; first anterior row of tubercles with setae short, slightly globulate at the apex (Fig. 2A). Ring 2 tergite largest, extending basally, laterally, and anteriorly well below the collum corner (Fig. 2A–B). Ring 2 and 3 tergites edged with five to six and four large tubercles, respectively (Fig. 2A). Posterior rings, including apodous ring 19, with a row of four large tubercles just above leg bases forming narrow pseudo-paranota.
Ozopore (Fig. 4B) very small, with opening on a rounded disc, slightly raised but lacking a porostele, they are externally bordered with microtubercules, just above the pseudo-paranotum (Fig. 4A). Pore formula normal (5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19).
Sternites on diplosegments are narrow, not setose, with longitudinal depression between coxae deep and narrow (Fig. 2C). Legs short, stout; relative length of podomeres: tarsus > prefemur > femur > (postfemur ≥ tibia); claw large, about the length of the postfemur or tibia. Spiracles with minute openings (Fig. 2D) located near the anterior base of each leg (diplo- and haplosegments). Telson facing downwards. Paraprocts parallel to substrate and almost flat (Fig. 4C). Epiproct very short, flattened dorsoventrally, with four inconspicuous setae (spinnerets), each spinneret with single, low sheath, each seta inside a deep, circular, walled depression (Fig. 4C–D). Hypoproct subtrapeziform (Fig. 4C).
Tegument with microsculpture (Figs 2B–D; 4C; 5A–C). Most of the body in the form of a cellular mesh with narrow irregular folds, often with minute bumps between or near the folds. The integument is further raised into tubercles of different sizes and shapes on the head, collum, tergites, metatergites, and telson (Figs 2A–B, 4A, 4C, 5A); some tubercles with a single seta; small, lobed at apex, with a single, low sheath in a deep circular depression (Fig. 5C). Irregular cell boundaries in the posterior part of the metazonite extend basally over the limbus (Fig. 5C). Pointed, tooth-like lobules on limbus (Fig. 5C).
Prozonites sharply demarcated from metazonites (Figs 2A–B, 2D; 4A; 5A). Prozonite (Fig. 5B): anterior part of prozonite (a) with small irregular units arranged in transverse "rows", units in anterior rows (1–3) are scale-like and overlap units in posterior rows. Some microtubercles are present in the joints of the units. The transverse ridge (r) is marked by some larger posterior tubercles at the joints of the units. The posterior part of the prozonite (b) has spherical knobs (s) of unequal shape and size, superimposed on hollow chambers. Setae of normal type on the antennae and legs, without a single, low sheath (at least visible; Figs 2A–C).
Gonopod aperture ovular (Fig. 3), rim slightly raised laterally. Gonocoxae (Fig. 3) with microgranular integumental sculpture and no setae. Telopodite (Fig. 3) long, when retracted reaching base of legs 5 (Fig. 2A). Basal portion of telopodite with blunt, basally directed projection arising posteromedial to junction with gonocoxa; with three large setae in a row on lateral edge of posterior surface of terminal tab (Fig 3).
Other material examined. Australia • 1 ♂, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131510) • 1 ♂, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131511) • 1 ♂, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131512) • 1 ♂, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131513) • 1 ♂, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131514) • 1 ♀, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131515) • 1 ♀, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131516) • 1 ♀, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131517) • 1 ♀, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131518) • 3 ♀, (fragmented), collected with holotype, (AM KS.131522) • 4 juveniles, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131523) • 8 juveniles, collected with holotype, (AM KS.131524) • 3 juveniles, collected with holotype, (MHN-UPN-MD-184) • 1 juvenile, NSW, Sydney, Clifton Gardens Reserve, 33°50'12.0"S, 151°15'14.0"E, 78 m a.s.l, 22.Vll.2023, Douch, J. leg., coastal shrubland, underside of log, facing soil, (AM KS.131527) • 1 ♂, Sydney, Macquarie Park, Macquarie University, Mars Creek, 33°46'29.4"S, 151°06'31.5"E, 64 m a.s.l, 21.Vlll.2023, Douch, J. leg., riparian bushland dominated by ironbark (Eucalyptus spp.) and Syncarpia glomulifera, underside of log, facing soil, (AM KS.131529) • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131530) • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131531) • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131532) • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131533) • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131534) • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131535) • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131536) • 1 ♂, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131537) • 1 ♀, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131538) • 1 ♀, same collection data as for preceding; (AM KS.131539) • 1 ♀, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131540) • 1 ♀, same collection data as for preceding; (AM KS.131541) • 1 ♀, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131542) • 1 juvenile, same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131543) • 1 juvenile (fragmented), same collection data as for preceding, (AM KS.131544).
Distribution: Known from the suburban localities of Vineyard Creek (Rydalmere), Galaringi (Carlingford), Memorial Park (Meadowbank), Mars Creek (Macquarie Park), and Clifton Gardens Reserve, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Etymology: Latin urbanus ‘urban’, adjective. This species was found in several areas enveloped by human development in Sydney, Australia.
Remarks: Live or preserved individuals of Agathodesmus urbanus sp. nov. do not display complete volvation. This species was often found to be sharing microhabitat with other species of invertebrates, often including siphonotid millipedes.