Australian Journal of
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Missulena minima sp. nov.
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0D73A032-0404-476E-8A6D-10E9E6057014

Type material

Holotype ♂. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: West Perenjori Nature Reserve, North MO 01, 01-05x 29.46444°S, 116.21000°E, 15 September 1998–2 April 1999–18 October 1999, Paul Van Heurck, CALM-WAM Wheatbelt, wet pitfall trap (WAM T148307).

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Figure 11. Missulena minima sp. nov. ♂ holotype (WAM T148307) from West Perenjori Nature Reserve, WA; a, carapace, dorsal view; b, same, ventral view; c, abdomen, dorsal view; d, same, ventral view; e, eyes; f, mouthparts, ventral view; g, rastellum; h, cheliceral teeth, line drawing; i, carapace, lateral view; j, leg IV retrolateral view; k, left patella I, dorsal view; l, same patella II; m, same patella III; n, same patella IV. Scale bars a–g = 0.5 mm; k–n = 0.2 mm; i = 1 mm.

Figure 12. Missulena minima sp. nov. ♂ holotype (WAM T148307) from West Perenjori Nature Reserve, WA; a, left pedipalp, prolateral view; b, same, ventral view; c, same, retrolateral view; d, embolar tip, prolateral view. Scale bars a–c = 1 mm, d = 0.1 mm.

Diagnosis

Males of Missulena minima sp. nov. are morphologically closest to males of M. mainae and M. ignea sp. nov., which share a bright red pars cephalica, pars thoracica, and chelicerae. They differ from M. ignea sp. nov. by the absence of scopulae on tarsus III and IV, and the presence of a swollen metatarsus IV (Fig. 11j vs Fig. 8j). They can be separated from M. mainae by the larger number of spines in the rasps of patella IV, with ca. 35 in M. minima sp. nov., whereas M. mainae has 12 on patella IV (Fig. 11n vs fig. 10b Miglio et al. 2014). They further differ by the smaller size, ranging from 4.14−5.10 in M. minima sp. nov., and 5.27−6.09 in M. mainae, and by the number of maxillary cuspules, ranging from 86−108 in M. mainae and 52−60 in M. minima sp. nov. They can be further separated by the shape of the embolus, which is elongate and curved in M. minima sp. nov., but is short, with a BEI in M. mainae (Fig, 12a–c vs fig. 9g, h, I Miglio et al. 2014).

Description

Male (based on holotype; WAM T148307). Total length 4.5.

Colour in ethanol: Pars cephalica, chelicerae and pars thoracica bright orange-red (Fig. 11a). Faint, mottled black pigmentation around AME (Fig. 11a, e). Sternum pale orange, with eight sigilla of same colour as sternum; maxillae and labium darker orange-brown (Fig. 11b). Abdomen with a strong, metallic blue-purple-turquoise sheen dorsally, ventrally dark brown, with lighter brown over the book lungs; spinnerets dark olive-brown (Fig. 11c, d). Legs olive-brown, metatarsus of all legs paler cream-olive-brown; tarsus I, II pale cream-olive-brown; tarsus III, IV darker olive-brown.

Carapace: 2.17 long and 2.44 wide; pars cephalica height 1.04, pars cephalica covers 0.58 of carapace length. Pars cephalica coarsely granulated; pars thoracica coarsely granulated. Posterior and lateral edges recurved, lateral edges undulating; posterior edge with a shallow medial notch (Fig. 11a). Pars cephalica strongly elevated (Fig. 11i). Chelicerae: 1.11 long; inflated and broadly cylindrical; dorsally moderately granulated (Fig. 11a). Sternum: ovoid with sparse, scattered setae, denser laterally (Fig. 11b); four pairs of sigilla, all lightly depressed and indistinct. Anterior pair small, oval; second pair around the same size as the first; third pair around twice size as the second pair; fourth pair largest, ca. twice the size of the third pair (Fig. 11b). Labiosternal junction distinct (Fig. 11b). Eyes: OQ length 0.32 of width; anterior eyes slightly recurved; posterior eyes strongly recurved (Fig. 11e). Cheliceral furrow with row of five teeth prolaterally, two small and widely separated teeth retrolaterally (Fig. 11h). Maxillae: with a dense covering of setae, anteriorly with ca. 54 cuspules, the anterior most cuspules long and well developed (Fig. 11f). Labium: arrow shaped, basally with two defined lateral ridges, extending medially to around a quarter of the labium width, with sparse covering of setae, anteriorly with ca. 27 cuspules, better developed and longer anteriorly (Fig. 11f). Rastellum moderately pronounced, with 15 (14 right) conical spines (Fig. 11f, g). Around 14 setae forming a fringe over the base the fang of each chelicera.

Abdomen: 2.29 long and 2.28 wide; rounded trapezoid; four spinnerets (Fig. 11c, d).

Legs: sparse and scattered brown-black setae on all surfaces. Metatarsus IV inflated ventrally. Leg spination: leg I: tibia rv0, v6, pl2, d0; metatarsus rv0, v5, pl2, d0; tarsus rv2, v4, pl2, d2; leg II: tibia rv4, v6, pl1, d0; metatarsus rv2, v7, pl4, d2; tarsus rv2, v3, pl1, d0; leg III: tibia rv4, v7, pl4, d8; metatarsus rv6, v6, pl1, d5; tarsus rv3, v4, pl3, d4; leg IV: tibia rv3, v4, pl5, d5; metatarsus rv7, v0, pl9, d8; tarsus rv4, v4, pl4, d4. Patella I with two dorsal spines apically (Fig. 11k); patella II with two dorsal spines (Fig. 11l); patella III with covering of ca. 41 spinules on the dorsal and retrolateral surfaces (Fig. 11m); patella IV with ca. 35 spinules on dorsal, retrolateral and prolateral surfaces (Fig. 11n). Tarsus I with a small number of sparse scopulose setae apically; metatarsus II, III with no scopulae; metatarsus IV with scopulae along ventral surface (Fig. 11j). Leg measure­ments: Leg I: femur 1.89, patella 0.95, tibia 1.32, meta­tarsus 1.32, tarsus 0.89, total 6.37. Leg II: femur 2.69, patella 1.15, tibia 1.77, metatarsus 1.92, tarsus 1.38, total 8.91. Leg III: femur 1.72, patella 0.94, tibia 1.11, meta­tarsus 1.39, tarsus 1.11, total 6.27. Leg IV: femur 2.22, patella 0.81, tibia 1.63, metatarsus 1.72, tarsus 1.25, total 7.63. Formula: II>IV>I>III.

Pedipalp: femur 2.05, patella 0.89, tibia 1.71, tarsus 0.66; all segments with scattered setae, sparse dorsally and those of the tibia thickest and longest ventrally (Fig. 12a–c). Tibia elongate, inflated and bulbous ventrally, 0.63 wide at the widest point from retrolateral view; bulb roughly pyriform (Fig. 12a, b). Embolus elongate, thin and curved, tip with a small embolar tooth (Fig. 12d).

Variation (n = 4). There was very little variation in the colouration of the material examined, the carapace of one specimen was a paler orange-red. Total length 4.14–5.10, mean 4.69. Number of maxillary cuspules: 52–60; number of labial cuspules: 20–27; number of spines in the rastellum: left 14–17, mean 15.67, right 15–16; mean 15.67. Number of spinules on the left patella (n = 4): Leg I 0–7, mean 4; Leg II 0–2; mean 1; Leg III 29–39, mean 34.25; Leg IV 20-40, mean 29.

Other material examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2 ♂ West Perenjori Nature Reserve, North, MO 01, 01-05x2, 29.46444°S, 116.21000°E, 15 September 1998–2 April 1999–18 October 1999, Paul Van Heurck, CALM-WAM Wheatbelt, wet pitfall trap (WAM T148305); ♂ West Perenjori Nature Reserve, North, MO 01, 01-05x2; 29.46444°S, 116.21000°E, 15 September 1998–2 April 1999–18 October 1999, Paul Van Heurck, CALM-WAM Wheatbelt, wet pitfall trap (WAM T148306).

Figure 11. Missulena minima sp. nov. ♂ holotype (WAM T148307) from West Perenjori Nature Reserve, WA; a, carapace, dorsal view; b, same, ventral view; c, abdomen, dorsal view; d, same, ventral view; e, eyes; f, mouthparts, ventral view; g, rastellum; h, cheliceral teeth, line drawing; i, carapace, lateral view; j, leg IV retrolateral view; k, left patella I, dorsal view; l, same patella II; m, same patella III; n, same patella IV. Scale bars a–g = 0.5 mm; k–n = 0.2 mm; i = 1 mm.

Figure 12. Missulena minima sp. nov. ♂ holotype (WAM T148307) from West Perenjori Nature Reserve, WA; a, left pedipalp, prolateral view; b, same, ventral view; c, same, retrolateral view; d, embolar tip, prolateral view. Scale bars a–c = 1 mm, d = 0.1 mm.

Etymology

The specific epithet is a Latin Adjective ‘minimum’ meaning small and refers to the small size of this species compared to other species of Missulena.

Distribution

Only known from West Perenjori Nature Reserve, mid-western WA (Fig. 10).